13th World Congress on Aquaculture & Fisheries 2018-08-08 London ,UK

Livestock production is the farming of domesticated terrestrial animals to produce food, fiber, etc. According to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), livestock contribute approximately 27.9% of global protein and 12.9% of global calories consumed. Livestock are also a vital source of employment in rural areas and developing countries, providing food, ploughing for crops and a source of power for draught. In recent decades there has been tremendous growth in livestock production, driven by rising demand for animal-source foods among large segments of the world’s population. It was estimated that, by 2050, world demand for all meat sources is probable to increase from 269 million tons to 464 million tons, with approximately 85% of this demand coming from developing countries.

Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business that can be both a freshwater or marine environment, producing shrimp or prawns for human devouring. The production of shrimp farming grew steeply and began to match the market demands of USA, Japan and Western Europe. Crustaceans forms a major diverse arthropod taxon which is treated as subphylum that includes animals such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and barnacles. It is now accepted as paraphyletic taxon which involves all arthropods.

Seaweed farming is often considered as the least environmentally damaging form of aquaculture it requires little or no input of fertilizers, fresh water resources, or medicines, and does not cause any major physical alterations of the environment. Seaweed farming, harvest and post harvest techniques, ecological and economic considerations and becoming an increasingly competitive biomass production candidate for food and related uses.

Aquaponics is a study of aquaculture, which is growing fish and other aquatic animals, and hydroponics which is growing plants without soil. Aquaponics uses these two in a symbiotic combination in which plants are fed the aquatic animals’ discharge or waste for the sustainable organic crop production. In return, the vegetables clean the water that goes back to the fish lowering the consumption of this resource. Along with the fish and their waste, microbes play a vital role to the nutrition of the plants. 

Aquaculture production is a demanding industry in many countries, and it will continue to grow as the major sector for fisheries and aquaculture products that increases economically and the supply from natural sources decreases. The sustainability of aquaculture has been reflected for decades. Potential issues include habitat destruction, endangered wildlife, threatened species, the requirement of marine ingredients in feeds, freshwater usage, using wild juveniles for farm stocking, influencing wild gene pools through farm escapees, and the excessive loss of stock through disease and associated overuse of antibiotics.

Marine biology is the scientific study of marine organisms and marine life in the sea. Marine life is the vast source which studies about their behaviors and interactions with the environment by providing food, medicine and raw materials. Marine biologists study biological oceanography which is otherwise called as marine biology and the associated fields of chemical, physical, and geological oceanography to understand marine organisms. The Coastal Conservation Association is a grassroots of salt water anglers which is concerned with the conservation and restoration of coastal marine resources.

Oceanography is the study of the world's oceans which contains scientific disciplines concerned with all aspects of world’s oceans and seas, including aspects of its biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and meteorology, among many others. Marine biology is sometimes called biological oceanography. As a growing global population stresses the ability of our society to produce food, water and shelter, Oceanography research entails the sampling of seawater and marine life for close study where oceans help sustain our basic needs.

Farm animals produces life saving medicines in their milk. Crops that synthesize their own natural pesticides to help vitamin A deficiencies in the developing the world in many ways. Hence, all real stuff, and all the result of one of the most promising fields in biotechnology are genetic engineering, Transgenic species, genetically engineered animals, or genetically modified organisms are animals or plants whose genetic makeup has been altered by introducing genes from other species called transgenes. Species manipulated by this method have benefited many fields including agriculture, medicine and industry.

Disease issues a great concern in aquaculture production. Production costs are increased by decrease in investment in dead cultured animals, cost of treatment, and decreased quality and quantity of yields. Also, health and environmental stability are threatened owing to public health hazards associated with disease occurrence and treatments. Aquaculture has contributed substantially to world fish supplies, but alongside this there has been growing concern about the environmental impact of many of the practices employed in fish farming.

Plastic debris clutters the aquatic environment globally contaminating a diversity of organisms and habitats. It is composed of several different polymers, and their unique chemical ingredients may make some types of plastic more harmful than others. Metals, such as lead and cadmium, are often used in manufacturing of plastic and over time can enter coastal waters. In recent years, discarded plastic has become a progressively predominant pollutant in aquatic ecosystems. These plastic wastes decompose into microplastics, which not only pose a direct threat to aquatic organisms but also an indirect threat via adsorption of other aquatic pollutants.

Aquaculture engineering is the branch of agricultural engineering that deals with cultured aquatic species and production systems. It is concerned with the design and development of effective aqua cultural systems for marine and freshwater facilities. In this area, study, research and development ranges from low intensity man-made pond systems to highly intensive recirculating aquaculture systems. The engineering aspect of aquaculture engineering aims in implementing mathematical and engineering concepts to the effective development of aquatic production systems with emphasis on the use of computer simulation for fish production and water quality.

In fisheries and aquaculture, 6th Global Symposium on Gender in Aquaculture and Fisheries(GAF6) was most concerned with food security and nutrition, legal rights and politics, access to resources and industry opportunities, fair livelihoods, dignified work, safety within the household, and resilience in the face of natural and climate change related disasters. Human rights, including women’s rights and equality politics within the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, are at the heart of security concerns. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) continues to gradually increase its attention to women’s empowerment/gender equality in fisheries and aquaculture. It is improving data on gender in fisheries and aquaculture statistics (Jennifer Gee and Kathrin Bacher, present volume), producing high quality knowledge products and undertaking, with partners, key field activities.

The characteristic benefits of aquaculture such as economical profits and huge food production have led the scientific community to pursue for various strategies to minimize the negative impressions, rather than just segregating the activity. Aquaculture is a possible panacea, but at present it is also responsible for diverse complications related with the environmental health; however, the new strategies projected during the last decade have proven that it is possible to attain a sustainable aquaculture, but such strategies should be supported and announced by the different federal environmental agencies from all countries. Additionally, there is an urgent need to improve regulation and legislation for aquaculture. Only under such scenario, aquaculture will be a sustainable practice.

Postharvest technology is the technical study of the physiology of alive plant tissues after they have been deprived of further nutrition by selection. It has direct applications to postharvest handling in establishing the storage and transport conditions that prolong shelf life. In order to develop improved technologies successful efforts have been made to reduce losses and improve product quality. Postharvest technologies help agro-industries in manufacturing legume grains more desirable to consumers. Moreover, development of this industry would provide additional rural employment, improve nutritional standards, bring a better price to the grower and ensure supplies at lower prices to the consumer.

Seafood by-products plays a major role in the daily life of humans. Shellfish and fish undergoes some type of handling or primary processing before the main processing occurs, to assure their safety and quality, as well as to produce new, convenient and value-added products. Seafood processing uses most of the all processing methods available to the food industry. The most widely used methods to preserve fish include the application of low temperatures. The sustainable operation of fish processing plant must consider energy and water usage, waste generation and disposal, and the recovery of by products.

The word "blue revolution" refers to the significant rise of aquaculture as an highly and essential productive agricultural activity. The steps of the “Green Revolution” in agriculture has been retraced in many ways by this “Blue Revolution”. It contributed to the growth of large-scale export-oriented agribusiness enterprises in developing nations. Today, India is assertive ahead with a Blue Revolution, the quick growth of fish production in water bodies and small ponds, a boon to the nation's nutrition, small farmers and its gross domestic product. About 50 years ago, The Indian fisheries sector has produced only 600 000 tons of fish, but today produces 5 million tons, including 1.6 million tons from freshwater aquaculture. Freshwater aquaculture is growing at a healthy 6 percent a year, even though the yield from marine fisheries has stagnated.

Fisheries and aquaculture make a significant contribution to food security and livelihoods of millions of people. Around 58 million people were directly employed in aquaculture and fisheries in 2012 and 200 million people are in direct and indirect employment opportunities that occur along the value chain from harvesting to distribution, making the livelihoods of 10-12 percent of the global population dependent on the sector. About 36 percent of the production enters international markets, generated a trade value of US $144 billion in 2014. Thus, aquaculture and fisheries becomes the center of an important economic activity that can contribute significantly to feed and provide livelihoods to a global population set to reach 9.7 billion in 2050.